Tuesday, April 16, 2013

London School of Economics denounces BBC tactics

LONDON (AP) ? One of Britain's leading academic institutions, the London School of Economics, is accusing the BBC of putting students at risk by using them as cover for a covert reporting trip to North Korea.

The school says BBC's decision to send three TV journalists to the secretive communist state in March to shoot a documentary without governmental permission to work there by posing as members of a student trip could have caused grave trouble for the pupils, if the deception had been uncovered by North Korean authorities.

The squabble between two powerful British institutions comes at a time of uncertainty caused by North Korea's bellicose threats to launch a new medium-range missile at its enemies.

It brought more unwelcome attention to the BBC, which has faced sustained criticism for its handling of an investigation into alleged child sex abuse committed by the late Jimmy Savile, long a top BBC talk show host.

The "Panorama" documentary on North Korea based on the eight-day trip in March is set to air Monday night.

The BBC has thus far refused the university's plea to keep it off the air to protect the students from possible retribution if their identities are revealed on the show. The broadcaster said three students who have asked to be removed from the show will have their images blurred so they cannot be identified.

The trip was not organized by LSE but by a students' society known as the Grimshaw Club. University officials said they did not know about the BBC arrangement and would not have approved it if they had known about BBC's plans.

The BBC's John Sweeney, who LSE officials say posed as a post-graduate LSE student, said Sunday it was "entirely wrong" for the university to try to prevent the broadcast. He said all of the students had been told about the potential risk and had agreed to allow the journalists to join the trip, adding that all were over 18 years of age and capable of making their own decisions.

A BBC story about the trip that the network filed online Sunday said Sweeney and a two-person crew that included his wife spent "eight days undercover" in North Korea.

LSE student union general secretary Alex Peters-Day said Sunday that the students were lied to and that at least one of the students on the eight-day trip was not told in advance of the journalists' participation.

"This is a student welfare issue," she told a BBC interviewer. "We don't know what could have happened to those students and, truthfully, neither does the BBC. It's absolutely disgraceful that he (Sweeney) put students in that position. It's incredibly reckless."

She said Sweeney was being "disingenuous" by citing free-speech concerns as justification for putting students in danger.

LSE blamed BBC for not being forthcoming about its reporting plans in North Korea. In the past, journalists have at times been detained for working without authorization in North Korea, where foreign reporting crews usually have to operate under strict governmental supervision.

In an email sent to staff and students, the university complains that the BBC program was produced "using as cover a visit to North Korean which took place from 23-30 March in the name of the Grimshaw Club, a student society at LSE."

BBC News Head of News Programs Ceri Thomas said on a BBC News program Sunday that the students were given the information needed to give informed consent to the increased risk of traveling with journalists who did not have authorization to work in North Korea.

He said, however, that the students were told roughly a month before the trip that there would be "a journalist" traveling with them but were later told, once they were en route to North Korea, that there would be three journalists who would be conducting undercover filming for TV.

Thomas said the students may have been under the impression that a print journalist, not a three-person TV crew, was going to be involved.

He said BBC would air the documentary despite LSE's concerns because of high public interest in the show.

"It is disappointing for us that LSE has chosen to make this public," he said. "We would have kept them out of this altogether. They could have avoided the publicity, and we think that would have lowered the reputational risk."

He said BBC executives felt that if the deception was discovered the students likely would have been deported, but he admitted he could not "categorically" rule out the possibility that their lives might have been at risk.

BBC press officials said senior executives would not discuss the matter but might issue further statements.

The BBC's action sparked concerns that the use of a British academic research trip as a cover for a clandestine TV reporting venture might undermine the ability of researchers to operate overseas.

Nicola Dandridge, chief executive of Universities UK, said BBC must understand how its actions might hurt research institutions. She said the BBC may have not only put students in harm's way but also damaged the reputations of British universities.

"We regret the BBC's approach," she said.

A BBC story about the trip says Sweeney and a two-person crew that included his wife spent "eight days undercover" in North Korea.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/london-school-economics-denounces-bbc-tactics-105828164.html

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Google Glass API documentation now live, Glassware sample code provided

Google Glass API documentation now live, Glassware sample code provided

Google painted the broad strokes of its Mirror API for Glass at SXSW in March, and now it's released comprehensive documentation, replete with example code. Despite the fact that the application programming interface is still in a limited developer preview, you can dig in and read up on everything from location features to timeline cards. The cheeky devs in Mountain View also announced that they've named services for the spectacles "Glassware." In case you missed the presentation in Austin, you can catch a handful of videos with Glass developer evangelist Timothy Jordan condensing the API basics. Hit the source link below to dive into the docs, and to download client libraries for the eyewear written in Dart, Go, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby and .NET.

Comments

Via: Google Developers (Google+)

Source: Google Glass (Google Developers)

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/15/google-glass-api-documentation-now-live-glassware-sample-code/

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Picture this: A dramatic drop in wrong patient errors

Apr. 15, 2013 ? Adding a photo of a face to x-ray images can reduce "wrong-patient" errors five-fold, a new study finds.

"X-rays can look alike, and if one patient's images are confused with another before the radiologist sees them, it can be difficult for the radiologist to determine there is a mismatch," said Dr. Srini Tridandapani, of Emory University and an author of the study.

As part of the study, ten radiologists interpreted 20 pairs of radiographic images with and without photographs. Two to four mismatched pairs were included in each set of 20 pairs of images. When photographs were added, radiologists correctly identified the mismatch 64% of the time. The error detection rate was about 13% when photographs were not included, said Dr. Tridandapani.

The radiologists in the study did not know they could use the photographs as a means to identify mismatched x-ray images, and some said they purposely ignored the photographs because they thought the study was designed to determine if a photograph would distract them. "We did a second study of five radiologists, and we told them to use the photographs. The error detection rate went up to 94% in the second study," said Dr. Tridandapani.

Surprisingly, the interpretation time went down in the first study when the photographs were added to the images, said Dr. Tridandapani. "We're not sure why this happened, but it could be because the photograph provided clinical clues that assisted the radiologist in making the diagnosis," he said.

"I estimate that about 1 out of 10,000 examinations have wrong-patient errors," Dr. Tridandapani said. "It occurred to me that we should be adding a photograph to every medical imaging study as a means to correct this problem after I received a phone call, and a picture of the caller appeared on my phone. The picture immediately identified for me who the caller was," he said.

The study required additional personnel to take the pictures of the patients immediately after the patients' x-ray examination. However, Dr. Tridandapani and his colleagues have developed a prototype system where the camera can be attached to a portable x-ray machine; the picture is taken without additional personnel.

The study, jointly conducted at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, will be presented at the ARRS annual meeting on April 15 in Washington, DC.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/X5AWwqBR5j0/130415100848.htm

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Monday, April 15, 2013

Package for Sheriff Joe Arpaio posed a serious threat, authorities say

A postal carrier collected the suspicious package, which was addressed to Sheriff Joe Arpaio, on Thursday evening. The FBI and other agencies are investigating the case.

By Allison Terry,?Correspondent / April 12, 2013

Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio speaks with the media in Phoenix in January. Authorities say law officers in Arizona have intercepted an explosive device that was earmarked for Arpaio.

Ross D. Franklin/AP/File

Enlarge

A package addressed to Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio, the self-described ?toughest sheriff in America,? could have caused serious injury or death if opened, Arizona authorities say.

Skip to next paragraph Allison Terry

Correspondent

Allison Terry works on national news desk for the Christian Science Monitor. She previously worked on the cover page desk and contributes to the culture section of the Monitor.

Recent posts

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A postal carrier collected the suspicious package Thursday evening from a parcel locker in rural Coconino County, near Flagstaff, Ariz., which was addressed to Arpaio at his office in downtown Phoenix, said Jerry Sheridan, chief deputy of the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, at a news conference Friday.

The carrier brought the package to the Flagstaff post office, where postal officials X-rayed it and found an improvised explosive device. The Flagstaff Police Department bomb squad used a water cannon to neutralize the explosives, said US Postal Inspection Service spokesman Keith Moore.

Arpaio told reporters that this is not the first time he has been threatened.

?That?s the nature of the business,? he said at the news conference, citing the recent killings of Colorado?s corrections director, two Texas prosecutors, and a West Virginia sheriff.

"Of course you worry. I'm a victim, I'm a witness,? he said. ?When you convict people, the victim has to be somewhat concerned. I'm a little concerned about my family. I didn't ask for all these threats."

Sheridan said the Maricopa County Sheriff?s Office had endured ?years of threats? against Arpaio, including $4 million bounties on his head, but the bomb package raised the threats to a new "height of seriousness."

?What evidence we have indicates that had someone opened that package, it would have created a major explosion and caused serious physical injury, burns, and maybe death,? Sheridan said. ?That is a very serious threat.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/Z5b8p_cueFY/Package-for-Sheriff-Joe-Arpaio-posed-a-serious-threat-authorities-say

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Sunday, April 14, 2013

CA-NEWS Summary

Kerry says U.S. ready to "reach out" to North Korea

TOKYO (Reuters) - U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on Sunday stressed the United States is willing to engage with North Korea as long as it takes steps to give up nuclear weapons. He also vowed Washington would protect its Asian allies against any provocative acts by the North, but said it wants a peaceful solution to rising tensions in the region.

Venezuelans vote on future of "Chavista" socialism

CARACAS (Reuters) - Venezuelans went to the polls on Sunday to vote whether to honor Hugo Chavez's dying wish for a longtime loyalist to continue his self-proclaimed socialist revolution or hand power to a young challenger vowing business-friendly changes. Acting President Nicolas Maduro had a double-digit lead over opposition challenger Henrique Capriles in most polls heading into election day, buoyed by Chavez's public blessing before he died from cancer last month. But the gap narrowed in recent days, with one survey putting it at 7 percentage points.

Kremlin criticises U.S. blacklist ahead of Obama adviser visit

MOSCOW (Reuters) - President Vladimir Putin's spokesman said on Sunday called a U.S. law barring Russians from the country over alleged rights abuses unacceptable interference in Russia's affairs, setting a tough tone before a visit by a senior White House adviser. Dmitry Peskov's remarks were the first comment from Putin's office after the U.S. administration named 18 Russians subject to visa bans and asset freezes over the Magnitsky Act legislation passed by Congress late last year.

Canada's Liberal Party prepares to crown Trudeau scion

OTTAWA (Reuters) - Canada's charismatic rising political star, Justin Trudeau, was set to capture the leadership of the Liberal Party on Sunday and begin contesting seven years of Conservative rule. The 41-year-old son of the swashbuckling former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Justin is the overwhelming favorite in the election, with results due on Sunday evening.

Al Qaeda adds urgency to search for Syrian peace

AMMAN (Reuters) - International powers will search for a peaceful settlement to Syria's civil war with fresh urgency at an Istanbul meeting after a rebel faction aligned itself with al Qaeda, diplomats and opposition sources said on Sunday. Saturday's meeting of 11 countries from the Friends of Syria alliance will come after the al-Nusra Front, among the strongest formations seeking to topple President Bashar al-Assad, pledged allegiance to al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahri on April 10.

Egypt to try Brotherhood members accused of torture

CAIRO (Reuters) - Two Muslim Brotherhood members in northern Egypt have been ordered to stand trial on charges of detaining and torturing students during a protest against the president the group propelled to power. The charges are a rare acknowledgement of the alleged role that some of the president's supporters have had in attacks on his opponents.

Palestinian PM's resignation complicates U.S. plan

RAMALLAH, West Bank (Reuters) - Palestinian officials and the United States voiced optimism on Sunday that the resignation of U.S.-backed Prime Minister Salam Fayyad would not hinder Washington's planned development initiative for the West Bank. Fayyad quit on Saturday after months of tension with President Mahmoud Abbas, leaving the Palestinian Authority, which exercises limited self-rule in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, in confusion just as the United States tries to revive peace talks with the Jewish state.

Bombs and gun battles kill at least 19 in Somali capital

MOGADISHU (Reuters) - At least 19 people were killed in the Somali capital on Sunday in suicide bombings and assaults by al Shabaab militants linked to al Qaeda, breaking a fragile return to peace in Mogadishu. A bomb exploded outside law courts in the city as gunmen stormed the compound. Security forces then arrived and battled the fighters inside. Later, a bomb exploded near an African Union and Turkish Red Crescent convoy near the airport.

Iraq election candidates killed before local vote

BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Two Iraqi Sunni Muslim candidates were killed less than a week before local elections that will be a test of the country's political stability after U.S. troops left more than a year ago. The election on Saturday to select provincial council members will measure Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's political muscle against Shi'ite and Sunni rivals before the parliamentary election in 2014.

Analysis: Don't underestimate Germany's new anti-euro party

BERLIN (Reuters) - The political establishment has dismissed Germany's new anti-euro party as a fear-mongering populist aberration that could implode even before a looming federal election. But the first congress of the "Alternative for Germany" (AfD) showed that the movement, launched only a few months ago by a group of renegade academics, journalists and businessmen, is striking a chord with voters and may prove an influential force come September.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-news-summary-001316516.html

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What mutant surgery is this Nexus 4 about to undergo?

Nexus 4

Well, would you look at that. Someone went and dissected their Nexus 4

But that's not just any someone. That's Rod Whitby of webOS Internals fame who's taken apart his Nexus 4, with the intent of swapping out the Qi wireless charging for the tried and true, old-school (and now defunct) Palm Touchstone. (As we showed last year, the Nexus 4 and Touchstone are not compatible.)  "Qi charging (or at least the physical implementation of it on current devices) is inferior to Palm Touchstone charging," Whitby wrote recently on Google+.

Nexus 4 wireless charging became a bit of a thing this week when webOS Nation editor -- and like many of us here a multi-platform tinkerer -- expressed his loathing for the Nexus 4's official wireless charging orb. So Whitby, as any good Android hacker should appreciate, is doing something about it. And he's no stranger to this sort of mod, having performed it on the Galaxy Nexus as well as on the Nexus 7.

Will this one be successful? It's going to be a tight fit, Whitby writes. But if anyone can do it, it's him. 

Source: +Rod Whitby

    


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/hFfZKeAEbrg/story01.htm

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Polio vaccine developer Koprowski dies

PHILADELPHIA (AP) ? A pioneering scientist who developed a polio vaccine used two years before Jonas Salk's injectable version has died. Dr. Hilary Koprowski was 96.

Koprowski developed an oral vaccine using the live polio virus that was first used on humans in 1950.

Koprowski's son Christopher says his father's vaccine was the first to show clinical success. Salk famously developed an injectable version later while Dr. Albert Sabin was the first to have an oral vaccine licensed in the U.S.

But Christopher Koprowski says his father was happy with the scientific recognition he received without the celebrity of his better-known fellow researchers.

Hilary Koprowski went on to be the director of The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia from 1957 to 1991.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/polio-vaccine-developer-koprowski-dies-022153503.html

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Saturday, April 13, 2013

Boy triplets a sensation at top Cuba ballet school

In this April 3, 2013 photo, identical triplets Marco, Cesar and Angel Ramirez Castellanos stand at the bar at the start of ballet class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. The triplets say they fell in love with dance in 2007 when their mother took them to see a performance of "The Nutcracker," which is put on every Christmas season and costs just pennies to attend. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

In this April 3, 2013 photo, identical triplets Marco, Cesar and Angel Ramirez Castellanos stand at the bar at the start of ballet class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. The triplets say they fell in love with dance in 2007 when their mother took them to see a performance of "The Nutcracker," which is put on every Christmas season and costs just pennies to attend. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

In this April 3, 2013 photo, young ballet students practice before a class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. The school, housed in a graceful building that occupies a full half-block in colonial Old Havana, not only teaches dance, but subjects like language, math and history. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

In this April 3, 2013 photo, identical triplets Marco, Cesar and Angel Ramirez Castellanos stand in the front row during their ballet class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. The 13-year-olds have already separated themselves from their peers technically and artistically, and all three have the talent to make a big splash in the ballet world when they grow up. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

In this April 3, 2013 photo, identical twins Marco, left, Cesar, center, and Angel Ramirez Castellanos, partially covered right, prepare for their ballet class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. While some identical siblings find it difficult to carve out their own identities, the Ramirezes say they love it. "For me it's a real stroke of luck being a triplet, being able to count on my brothers," said Cesar. "The disadvantage is that sometimes they scold you or correct you for something that another one did." (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

In this April 3, 2013 photo, ballet students practice before a class at the National School of Ballet in Havana, Cuba. The school was founded seven decades ago by famed prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso, now age 92, who is probably the most recognized person in Cuba not named "Castro." (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)

HAVANA (AP) ? Visitors to the elite feeder school for Cuba's renowned National Ballet might be forgiven for thinking they're suddenly seeing triple.

Identical triplets Angel, Cesar and Marcos Ramirez wear matching black leotards and white socks as they leap, prance and twirl across the linoleum floor of the mirrored studio. They share the same wiry build, olive complexion, mussed hairstyles and coffee-colored eyes. And they speak the same fast-paced Spanish in the high-pitched voice of children.

Even their instructors have trouble telling the Ramirez boys apart, but they say the 13-year-olds have already separated themselves from their peers technically and artistically, and all three have the talent to make a big splash in the ballet world when they grow up.

If they succeed, they will join a long line of celebrated dancers trained in Cuba, where fans from every social stratum follow the careers of ballet stars like Carlos Acosta and Rolando Sarabia as closely as those of baseball players or boxers.

"I want to be a dancer. The National Ballet of Cuba turns out great male dancers," said Marcos, sweat dripping from his face after a recent workout in the steamy studio as his brothers nodded in agreement. "And go on tour in many countries and travel the world by dancing."

Toward that end, the Ramirez brothers spend 12 hours a day at the National School of Ballet, housed in a graceful, cream-porticoed building that occupies a full half-block in colonial Old Havana. Classes include not only dance, but more mundane subjects like language, math and history.

A former social club with broad hallways and a majestic marble staircase, this is where the creme de la creme of young dancers from across the country train for a shot at stardom.

The school was founded seven decades ago by famed prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso, now age 92, who is probably the most recognized person in Cuba not named "Castro."

"This school means a lot to us," Angel said. "It gives us the training to graduate as ballet dancers, which is the thing we want most."

While the odds are tough, Mirlen Rodriguez, a 24-year-old teacher and former student at the school, says the brothers all have a chance of making their careers onstage.

"They are at a level that is beyond high," Rodriguez said.

The three have already beaten long odds simply by being born.

According to 2010 data compiled by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, only 0.14 percent of births that year were triplets or higher-order multiple births.

Naturally born identical triplets, involving a single egg separating into three fetuses rather than multiple eggs being fertilized, are much rarer.

Mothers of Supertwins, a U.S. nonprofit group that provides support, education and research on higher-order multiple births, says about one of every 62,500 pregnancies results in identical triplets ? or 0.0016 percent.

The Ramirezes, born into a family that lives in the gritty neighborhood of Center Havana, say they are extremely close.

In conversation they often finish each other's thoughts. They also seem to have fun with their uniqueness, introducing themselves to a reporter as if their relationship wasn't apparent.

"My name is Angel Jesus Ramirez Castellanos, and I'm 13 years old," the first said with a sly smile, followed in turn by the others:

"My name is Marcos Abraham Ramirez Castellanos, and I'm 13 years old."

"My name is Cesar Josue Ramirez Castellanos, and I'm 13 years old."

While some identical siblings find it difficult to carve out their own identities, the Ramirezes say they relish their tripleness.

"For me it's a real stroke of luck being a triplet, being able to count on my brothers," Cesar said. "The disadvantage is that sometimes they scold you or correct you for something that another one did."

Instructors rely on tricks to tell them apart.

"There's one that has a little mark above the eyebrow. Another one gets dimples when he laughs," Rodriguez said.

"Then there's another that doesn't have dimples or a mole. During exams you have to put one of them there, another one here, the other way over there, and they have to stay in that formation."

She added, however, that while the boys share the same DNA and have been trained by the same instructors, they have unique personalities that show up in their dance. One is more mischievous, another more serious, the third the most talkative.

"They have the same physical form, the same configuration of legs and arms, but in their minds, each one is unique," Rodriguez said.

The triplets say they fell in love with dance in 2007 when their mother took them to a performance of "The Nutcracker," which is put on every Christmas season and costs just pennies to attend.

All three said it never occurred to them to worry about being teased for taking up dance. Ballet is broadly popular in Cuba, and the idea of a man donning a leotard has remarkably little stigma attached to it for a society that in other ways retains some macho attitudes.

The Ramirezes enrolled in the ballet school at age 10 after passing a rigorous exam and being selected over dozens of other children with similar dreams. More than 300 boys and girls train here in eight different grades, all hoping to make it to the National Ballet.

"It's a virus that can't be cured with antibiotics," said Ramona de Saa, the school's director. "And all that passion can be felt in the school."

The grueling day runs from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Mornings are devoted to traditional school subjects, while afternoons are for perfecting demi plies and barre work.

"One, two, three, four!" an instructor's voice called out during a recent rehearsal as the Ramirezes twirled around and around on tiptoe. "Again!"

"It's a career that requires a lot of sacrifice. It takes away much of your childhood," Rodriguez said. "While others maybe are at home watching cartoon movies, they have to be at rehearsal."

___

Associated Press writer Peter Orsi contributed to this report.

___

Follow Andrea Rodriguez on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ARodriguezAP

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2013-04-13-Cuba-Ballet%20Triplets/id-65286cc03bfb499392a4b7049e48d480

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Tuesday, April 9, 2013

UNC study finds that hot and cold senses interact

UNC study finds that hot and cold senses interact [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 8-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Les Lang
llang@med.unc.edu
919-966-9366
University of North Carolina Health Care

CHAPEL HILL, N.C. A study from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine offers new insights into how the nervous system processes hot and cold temperatures. The research led by neuroscientist Mark J. Zylka, PhD, associate professor of cell biology and physiology, found an interaction between the neural circuits that detect hot and cold stimuli: cold perception is enhanced when nerve circuitry for heat is inactivated.

"This discovery has implications for how we perceive hot and cold temperatures and for why people with certain forms of chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain, or pain arising as direct consequence of a nervous system injury or disease, experience heightened responses to cold temperatures," says Zylka, a member of the UNC Neuroscience Center.

The study also has implications for why a promising new class of pain relief drugs known as TRPV1 antagonists (they block a neuron receptor protein) cause many patients to shiver and "feel cold" prior to the onset of hyperthermia, an abnormally elevated body temperature. Enhanced cold followed by hyperthermia is a major side effect that has limited the use of these drugs in patients with chronic pain associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer, and osteoarthritis.

Zylka's research sheds new light on how the neural circuits that regulate temperature sensation bring about these responses, and could suggest ways of reducing such side-effects associated with TRPV1 antagonists and related drugs.

The research was selected by the journal Neuron as cover story for the April 10, 2013 print edition and was available in the April 4, 2013 advanced online edition.

This new study used cutting edge cell ablation technology to delete the nerve circuit that encodes heat and some forms of itch while preserving the circuitry that sense cold temperatures. This manipulation results in animals that were practically "blind" to heat, meaning they could no longer detect hot temperatures, Zylka explains. "Just like removing heat from a room makes us feel cold (such as with an air conditioner), removing the circuit that animals use to sense heat made them hypersensitive to cold. Physiological studies indicated that these distinct circuits regulate one another in the spinal cord."

TRPV1 is a receptor for heat and is found in the primary sensory nerve circuit that Zylka studied. TRPV1 antagonists make patients temporarily blind to heat, which Zylka speculates is analogous to what happened when his lab deleted the animals' circuit that detects heat: cold hypersensitivity.

Zylka emphasizes that future studies will be needed to confirm that TRPV1 antagonists affect cold responses in a manner similar to what his lab found with nerve circuit deletion.

###

The study was conducted in the Zylka lab by postdoctoral scientists Eric S. McCoy, Sarah E. Street, and Jihong Zheng and by research associates Bonnie Taylor-Blake and Alaine Pribisco. Funding for the research came from the Searle Scholars Program, The Klingenstein Foundation, The Rita Allen Foundation, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).


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UNC study finds that hot and cold senses interact [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 8-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Les Lang
llang@med.unc.edu
919-966-9366
University of North Carolina Health Care

CHAPEL HILL, N.C. A study from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine offers new insights into how the nervous system processes hot and cold temperatures. The research led by neuroscientist Mark J. Zylka, PhD, associate professor of cell biology and physiology, found an interaction between the neural circuits that detect hot and cold stimuli: cold perception is enhanced when nerve circuitry for heat is inactivated.

"This discovery has implications for how we perceive hot and cold temperatures and for why people with certain forms of chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain, or pain arising as direct consequence of a nervous system injury or disease, experience heightened responses to cold temperatures," says Zylka, a member of the UNC Neuroscience Center.

The study also has implications for why a promising new class of pain relief drugs known as TRPV1 antagonists (they block a neuron receptor protein) cause many patients to shiver and "feel cold" prior to the onset of hyperthermia, an abnormally elevated body temperature. Enhanced cold followed by hyperthermia is a major side effect that has limited the use of these drugs in patients with chronic pain associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer, and osteoarthritis.

Zylka's research sheds new light on how the neural circuits that regulate temperature sensation bring about these responses, and could suggest ways of reducing such side-effects associated with TRPV1 antagonists and related drugs.

The research was selected by the journal Neuron as cover story for the April 10, 2013 print edition and was available in the April 4, 2013 advanced online edition.

This new study used cutting edge cell ablation technology to delete the nerve circuit that encodes heat and some forms of itch while preserving the circuitry that sense cold temperatures. This manipulation results in animals that were practically "blind" to heat, meaning they could no longer detect hot temperatures, Zylka explains. "Just like removing heat from a room makes us feel cold (such as with an air conditioner), removing the circuit that animals use to sense heat made them hypersensitive to cold. Physiological studies indicated that these distinct circuits regulate one another in the spinal cord."

TRPV1 is a receptor for heat and is found in the primary sensory nerve circuit that Zylka studied. TRPV1 antagonists make patients temporarily blind to heat, which Zylka speculates is analogous to what happened when his lab deleted the animals' circuit that detects heat: cold hypersensitivity.

Zylka emphasizes that future studies will be needed to confirm that TRPV1 antagonists affect cold responses in a manner similar to what his lab found with nerve circuit deletion.

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The study was conducted in the Zylka lab by postdoctoral scientists Eric S. McCoy, Sarah E. Street, and Jihong Zheng and by research associates Bonnie Taylor-Blake and Alaine Pribisco. Funding for the research came from the Searle Scholars Program, The Klingenstein Foundation, The Rita Allen Foundation, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).


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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/uonc-usf040813.php

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